INCORPORATING MICROSCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY INTO ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN

Abstract

The importance of localized power generation, heating and cooling from renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary. Domestic power generation may also lead to less travel searching for fuel and paying for it too. This is especially relevant now in this time of the current pandemic with its quarantine and restriction on outdoor activities. This research will focus on incorporating specifically microscale renewable energy technologies into the fabric of newbuild architecture and urban design. Microscale generation technologies covered will include the utilisation of micro-wind turbines, photo-voltaic window panels, solar space and thermal heating. The scope of the technologies also covers; hydroelectric (stream or tidal); geothermal; ground source heat pump; combined heat and power (CHP); bio-fuel and biomass sources. Off-peak excess energy storage technologies are also discussed (batteries; super capacitors and pumped storage). Recommendations are finally given based on regional factors with a conclusion that nuclear-renewable microhybrid energy systems (N-R MHES) is the optimal solution. Urban designs near streams harnessing micro-hydro power units combined with pumped storage are described. Depending on the local ground thermal activity, geothermal sources can be exploited. New builds can benefit from ground source heat pumps and air source heat pumps. The need for effective insulation of buildings needs to be considered for the efficient usage of heat pumps. Reliance on the power grid need and foreign import of fuel and energy need to be reduced. The need to install combined heat and power (CHP) will be discussed. Along with communal bio-fuel and biomass generators. Houses built should be designed with energy storage technologies from the use of building materials with high specific heat capacities to architectural changes. Some newer technologies such as the use of super capacitors will be explained. Recommendations based on regional factors will be discussed and given. The research will conclude with the need to incorporate micro-hybrid energy systems into the building architecture and the setting up of micro-grids and local energy storage systems.