INTELLIGENT LINE FOLLOWER AND HAND TRACKING ROBOT USING ARDUINO UNO

Abstract

The integration of robotics in the various fields of automation achieved remarkable advancement. Robots are specially designed machines that offer solutions to complex problems and bring efficiency and advancement in various fields. Robots are fast, accurate, and dedicated as compared to humans. The robots are controlled through sensors, programming, and manipulators. Line follower robots are one of the basic types of robots and follow white lines on black surfaces or black lines on white

surfaces by using IR sensors. These robots can be used for delivery purposes, self- driving cars, transportation, and industrial purposes.

This thesis is separated in two parts, the first one discusses the design, development, and implementation of a color-based line follower robot using AI (or machine learning) freenove starter kit for Arduino UNO and the second one is about hand tracking robot using an ultrasonic sensor, 2 IR sensors, Arduino UNO and L293D motor driver. Line Follower study aims to increase speed, efficiency, and accuracy and to reduce errors while tracking the way. The project explores the capabilities of the Arduino platform in creating an intelligent and automatic robotic system that is capable of following a predefined path. The thesis explores the importance of the line follower robot and also covers the drawbacks. The study uses many components to design the robot. The IR sensor, Arduino, moto driver, and motors. The IR (infrared) sensors sense the path (the white or black lines) and send the data to Arduino. The color sensor and KNN algorithm are used to choose the desired way of robot. Arduino is the brain of the project and decides what to do and when to do it. The Arduino is programmed using a software called Arduino IDE. Arduino controls the motor driver connected to it. The motor driver controls the motor like its speed and power. Over all a controlled system is designed to follow the predefined path with high accuracy. The second section of this paper describes the design and implementation of a hand-tracking robot that uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller, an L293D motor driver, ultrasonic sensors, and two infrared (IR) sensors. The primary goal of this robotic system is to track the movement of a hand in its area, showcasing the use of robotic following systems and sensor integration for real-time monitoring. The robot uses ultrasonic sensors for distance measuring and obstacle identification, while infrared sensors detect the presence and movement of a hand. The L293D motor driver provides precise control over the robot's motions, allowing it to modify its course and speed in reaction to the hand's location, assuring smooth and responsive tracking. Overall this thesis contributes to the growing field of robotics by providing a comprehensive overview of line follower and hand tracking robots using Arduino UNO. The project aims to make both robots smarter to enhance capability on their predefined path with high accuracy and wide usage in our daily life.