BIOMIMICRY AND PARAMETRIC DESIGN: DAYLIGHT OPTIMIZATION OF BUILDING FACADES USING BIOMIMETIC PRINCIPLES

Abstract

The design of the façade determines a building’s distinctiveness, as well as its interactions with the micro-climate components, such as sun exposure. Integrating biomimicry and parametricism can lead to an optimal solution to reduce heat gains and visual discomfort. Parametric design tools are the new design methods that emulate Nature’s algorithm. This paper provides an understanding of the principles of natural system and develop a design concept outlined by biomimetic principles. This study applies the biomimicry principles to the interactive and adaptable building facades. The proposed shading system is based on the geometric shape of plants’ pollen and the movement of earwigs’ wing fold. It is applied at the architectural studio classrooms (of campus building) of Epoka University in Albania. The windows in the classes are located on the south side, which makes it essential to provide the comfortable lighting and to control it due to the complexity of the window system. The evaluation of different concepts and scenarios of the parametric shading system is based on the simulation of lighting conditions inside of the studios. Based on the analysis, the study proposes the optimal solution which reduces the energy reduction for cooling and heating, increases the use of the natural light and provides the visual comfort facilitating the artistic environment of architectural classes.