Hate on the Screen: Dynamics, Causes, and Consequences of Aggressive Online Communication

Abstract

This study focuses on how language used online, especially in politics, is closely linked to violence. Often, what people write or say online not only spreads hatred and creates divisions but can also lead to actual episodes of physical violence. First and foremost, it is essential to understand which linguistic strategies push public debates to become increasingly extreme and which ways of speaking justify aggressive attitudes. To this end, we analysed both online content and scientific studies to see how digital platforms promote the spread of extreme ideas and fuel social conflict. What clearly emerges is that political leaders are increasingly using technology to influence public opinion, often with messages that increase divisions in society. In essence, the language that circulates online not only influences people's opinions but can also make hatred in various forms seem normal. Understanding how these dynamics work is important if we want to promote a healthier, more balanced and respectful public debate.